Well, gauge theory is very fundamental to our understanding of physical forces these days. But they are also dependent on a mathematical idea, which has been around for longer than gauge theory has.
Roger Penrose
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People think of these eureka moments and my feeling is that they tend to be little things, a little realisation and then a little realisation built on that.
- Roger Penrose -
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Ordinary photons do have spin, they have a notion of helicity so they spin around their direction on motion.
- Roger Penrose